NATO's northernmost members are preparing for an undersea showdown with Russia

• After 16 months of war in Ukraine, Russia's navy is largely intact, including its submarine fleet.
• NATO navies worry about those subs and they've increased their focus on countering undersea threats.
• Nordic navies are investing in their own submarine fleets to keep track of Russia's boats.

Russia's ground forces have suffered significant losses in Ukraine, but its air force and naval forces are largely intact, and the warships assigned to Russia's Northern and Baltic Fleets could still pose a challenge to NATO.