A Boeing 787 Dreamliner made history. It's the first of its kind to fly into Antarctica — landing on an icy runway with 45 passengers.

• A Boeing 787 Dreamliner carrying 45 passengers successfully landed in Antarctica — a first for that model.
• The widebody plane landed on a 3,000-yard-long landing strip of blue ice.
• Landing on the seventh continent is challenging due to the harsh weather and lack of infrastructure.

Aviators have hailed a successful flight to Antarctica as a world first when a Boeing 787 Dreamliner touched down at Troll Airfield on Wednesday night.

European low-cost carrier Norse Atlantic Airways was behind the flight, chartering 45 researchers and staff from the Norwegian Polar Institute, as well as 12 tons of research equipment.

It's the first time a Boeing 787 has landed on the continent.

Antarctica has no permanent residents due to its extreme cold, but about 4,000 people reside there during the summer months. The seventh continent also sees more than 100,000 tourists who arrive via plane or ship each season.

"In the spirit of exploration, we are proud to have a hand in this important and unique mission," Norse CEO Bjorn Tore Larsen said in a statement. "It is a true testament to our highly trained and skilled pilots and crew, and our state-of-the-art Boeing aircraft."

Troll's 3,000-yard-long landing strip of blue ice is only open between October and March, and the process of maintaining and preparing it for aircraft is long and tedious.

According to Flightradar24, teams spend two weeks removing snow, repairing any cracks or deficiencies in the runway, and adding a thin layer of crushed snow and ice to create the required friction for aircraft operations.

Crews use heavy machinery like snow throwers and modified snow tractors for the task, with safety kept at the forefront.

"Each person [who will work on the airfield] goes through training in Svalbard [Norway] on much the same equipment before coming to the station," Troll operations manager Sven Lidström told Flightradar24 in 2021.

With the arrival of Norse's 787, Norwegian Polar Institute Director Camilla Brekke said the successful flight would open up "entirely new possibilities for logistics at Troll," adding that using large and modern aircraft will also achieve environmental benefits by reducing the need for more frequent trips via smaller planes.

"This can help to reduce total emissions and the environmental footprint in Antarctica," she said.

Norse joins the Antarctic club

Norse isn't the only air carrier to land a large jetliner on Antarctica, with a handful of others also chartering adventurous individuals for both tourism and science.

In November 2021, an Airbus A340 operated by Portuguese charter company Hi-Fly landed on the seventh continent, becoming the first of its type to make the trek.

The jet, which landed on a different Antarctic runway called Wolf's Fang, carried camp supplies for luxury tour operator White Desert. The company still uses the plane to ferry cargo and tourists.

Meanwhile, Icelandair's charter subsidiary Loftleider Icelandic Airlines landed a Boeing 757 in Antarctica in 2015 — another world first for that model. The carrier has since made more recent trips in 2021 and 2022 using a Boeing 767.

Besides commercial flights, the barren continent also hosts aircraft operated by the US military, including C-17 Globemaster cargo jets and ski-equipped Lockheed LC-130s.

Although all of these giant planes are capable of landing on Antarctica's icy runways, the operation is no small feat.

According to Hi-Fly A340 captain Carlos Mirpuri, harsh weather conditions and the reflecting runway create added challenge and risk — meaning clear conditions and low winds must be present to safely land on the rugged glacial landing strip.

"There is also no visual glide slope guidance, and the blending of the runway with the surrounding terrain and the immense white desert around, makes height judgment challenging, to say the least," he said, noting the extensive pre-flight planning and preparation required.

White Desert takes extreme precautions as well, with company CEO Patrick Woodhead telling Business Insider in February that it has a team of meteorologists to assess and monitor the weather.

He further explained that, similar to Troll's weeks-long pre-flight preparations, White Desert spends 22 hours grooming its blue ice runway to ensure it has the "right friction level" to handle the mammoth A340.