Russia and Ukraine are both beefing up their air defenses ahead of another winter of bombardment

• Ahead of another winter of war, Russia and Ukraine are bolstering their air-defense arsenals.
• Ukraine and its foreign partners are scrambling to field new and improvised air-defense weaponry.
• The Russian military appears to be sacrificing elsewhere to reinforce its air defenses in Ukraine.

As the start of the second winter of their renewed war looms, both Ukraine and Russia are trying to beef up their air defenses.

For Kyiv, effective defenses could decide whether Ukrainians freeze during another campaign of Russian missile and drone attacks on Ukraine's cities and critical infrastructure. For Russia, the ability to knock down Ukraine's drones and Western-supplied missiles will be crucial to whether Russian troops can maneuver and be resupplied during upcoming ground operations.