Russia and Ukraine are building up huge armies, but they both have the same problem with using them in battle

• The Russian and Ukrainian militaries both lack junior officers who can lead large forces in battle.
• This is a longstanding issue for Russia, and it is affecting Ukraine's military more as it expands.
• Both militaries may struggle to train more officers as they continue combat operations.

The difference between an army and a well-armed mob often comes down to the presence of good junior officers. The same applies to staff work, which ensures that combat operations are properly planned, synchronized, and supplied.