OpenAI's ChatGPT
The transformer technology powering tools like ChatGPT may have limitations.
  • ChatGPT changed the conversation about AI.
  • But the tech powering it has limitations and may struggle to make AI that is as smart as humans.
  • Researchers are now looking at alternatives. 

The groundbreaking work of a bunch of Googlers in 2017 introduced the world to transformers — neural networks that power popular AI products today.

They power the large-language model, or LLM, beneath OpenAI's ChatGPT, the chatbot whose explosion onto the scene last year prompted Bill Gates to declare "the age of AI has begun."