Concept image of the United States Air Force's proposed Manned Orbiting Laboratory.
Concept image of the United States Air Force's proposed Manned Orbiting Laboratory.
  • The Manned Orbiting Laboratory was a US proposal to send a crewed spy satellite to space in the 1960s.
  • It would obtain high-resolution photographic imagery of US adversaries, like the Soviet Union.
  • The top-secret program was met with criticism amid a decade marred by the economic costs of war.

Gathering intelligence on foreign nations was no easy task for America in the 1960s.

Spy planes like the U-2 captured high-resolution imagery but ran the risk of provoking foreign governments and being shot down. Photo reconnaissance satellites were safe from antiaircraft missiles and less provocative than overflights, but they produced lower-quality imagery and were slow to transmit data to photo interpreters.