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Girls perform the Charleston dance in the 1920s.
Flappers perform the Charleston while musicians perform in the 1920s.
  • Life in the 1920s was defined by many cultural, political, and economic developments.
  • Jazz music and flapper fashion defined the era's sound and look.
  • The Harlem Renaissance brought popularity to art created by Black Americans.

A century ago, at the peak of the Roaring Twenties, a luxurious winter estate was built in the booming state of Florida for cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post and finance tycoon Edward F. Hutton.

Around the same time, F. Scott Fitzgerald was publishing "The Great Gatsby," a novel that captured the glamour and excess of the era.

Flash forward to 2025, and President Donald Trump hosted a Gatsby-themed Halloween party at that same Florida estate: Mar-a-Lago.

The party, like many in the mansion's history, was filled with feathers, flapper dresses, and bobbed haircuts.

But beyond its opulence and distinctive aesthetics, the 1920s were a time of significant societal shifts.

After a war-torn decade, the '20s saw artistic, cultural, and technological advancements in the workplace, entertainment, democratic rights, and more.

But while the decade brought liberation for some Americans, there's a darker side to its history, too, that includes many of the same societal issues the world continues to grapple with, like racism, sexism, and wealth disparities.

Take a look at these vintage photos that show how people lived in the 1920s, from the societal progress that shaped the era to the simple pleasures we still enjoy today.

Suffragettes rallied for women's right to vote in America.
Suffragette Protesting 1920

On August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified, granting women the right to vote. However, the law largely applied to white women, as Black women, Indigenous women, and other women of color were prohibited from voting for many decades to come.

Suffragettes across the US celebrated the moment the 19th Amendment was ratified.
suffrage 19th amendment

Here, a photographer captured celebrations after the newly ratified 19th Amendment in August 1920.

Women also broke tradition with short hairstyles, which defined the look of the Roaring Twenties.
Woman getting her hair cut in the 1920s.

With the rise in women's liberation movements came a wave of modernist short hairstyles.

Luxe fabrics, flapper girl silhouettes, and art-deco style dominated the fashion world.
1920s fashion
A woman wearing a fur coat and hat in the '20s.

In the Roaring Twenties, fashion was characterized by fringe, loose fabrics, and glamorous details. The garments differed immensely from the athleisure and street style-inspired looks that fill clothing racks today. But as fashion historians explain, trends are cyclical — '20s-inspired clothes could (and will likely) make a comeback into mainstream fashion again.

Swimwear became more form-fitting.
Two women at a beach.

Prior to the 1920s, women's bathing suits often included stockings and full-length skirts.

With an increase in popularity in water activities, the decade saw a rise in swimwear fashion styles with less fabric, making it more comfortable for wearers to swim.

Wedding-dress styles from the '20s included ornate headpieces.
wedding dresses 1920
Brides and grooms gathered in the St. George Church as Christmas Day in 1920.

Brides Magazine reported that beaded headbands were common additions to wedding gowns during the Jazz Age, as were dresses with high necklines and cape- or flutter-style sleeves.

The shift from rural to urban living was prominent in the 1920s.
Aerial view of lower Manhattan, New York City, 1923.
Aerial view of lower Manhattan, New York City, 1923.

The US Census Bureau reported that the 1920 census marked the first time over 50% of Americans reported living in urban areas compared to rural ones.

In architecture, Art Deco started to gain prominence, becoming a defining style of the decade.
A photo from 1929 shows what would become the Chrysler Building under construction.
A photo from 1929 shows what would become the Chrysler Building under construction.

In "A History of New York in 27 Buildings," author Sam Roberts wrote that in the 1920s, it seemed every real estate investor wanted to join the "tallest building club."

Amid this rise of New York City skyscrapers, workers broke ground on what would become the Chrysler Building — one of the most iconic examples of Art Deco style — in 1928. After it was completed in 1930, it was briefly the tallest building in the world.

Other popular architectural styles of the 1920s included Colonial Revival and Beaux-Arts.

Public transportation advancements gave people new ways to travel around cities.
london tube entrance 1924 subway station
A subway entrance in London, circa 1924.

Pictured here is a subway entrance in London, circa 1924. Transport for London reported that the city's Underground was the first subway in the world, having opened in 1863.

Beyond underground trains, rail trains were also a central part of life in the 1920s.
train travel 1920s
Rail trains were a popular mode of transportation in the 1920s.

Here, a group of employees stand in front of a train in 1920.

Train travel in the 1920s was often comfortable and glamorous compared to the cramped cars that many commuters know today.
new york rail commuters 1920s
Commuters on a train, circa 1920s.

Train travel was arguably its most glamorous from 1910 through 1950.

However, much of public transportation has stayed the same over the decades, like the realities of crowded bus and subway stops.
1920s chicago group of people bus stop
A crowd of people wait at a bus stop in Chicago, circa 1925.

Here, a group of people wait to board a bus in Chicago around 1925.

The decade also marked a new era of automobile advancements.
chrysler car 1920s style fashion
A woman with a Chrysler vehicle, circa 1920s.

The Ford Motor Company factory in Highland Park, Michigan, first started using its moving assembly line in 1913, changing how quickly and efficiently vehicles could be built.

As such, the 1920s are often considered one of the most influential decades of automobile advancements.

The Model T vehicle defined much of the 1920s — it was sold until 1927.
model T 1921 tudor san francisco car
A Model T Tudor Sedan descending a hill in San Fransisco, circa 1921.

The Model T was sold by the Ford Motor Company 1908 until 1927, per History.com. The vehicle was the earliest effort to make a modern car that was affordable to the masses.

As explained by the History Channel, the Model T was so affordable that it helped rural Americans connect to other parts of the country, which eventually led to the creation of the numbered highway system that's known throughout the US today.

Long before Uber and Lyft, cabs were stylish vehicles.
woman gets into cab 1920s car
A cab driver picks up a passenger in Los Angeles, circa 1925.

Here, a woman was photographed outside a cab vehicle in Los Angeles, circa 1925.

Fire engines in the 1920s looked much more ornate than today's modern, large trucks.
fire truck pittsburgh

Here, members of a fire department in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, were photographed around 1920.

Cruise ships were often extravagant.
cruise ship 1920 fancy dinner dance

Here, passengers onboard the Saturnia ship partake in an evening dance in the 1920s. The Saturnia was an Italian liner that sailed until the 1960s. Along with its sister ship, Vulcania, it was among the first large transatlantic liners driven by diesel engines, the Italian Liners Historical Society reported.

Prohibition banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol within the US until 1933.
prohibition 1920s

Prohibition went into effect in 1920 with the 18th Amendment. Until it was repealed in 1933, the law greatly impacted American culture and society, giving way to organized crime and speakeasies.

Prohibition led people to create speakeasies, or secret bars where they could drink in private.
1920s speakeasy

Here, people drink at a speakeasy around 1920.

In the 1920s, drugstores weren't only places to pick up prescriptions — they were also soda and candy counters.
drug store chemist
Frankfurt Pharmacy in Rosemead, California, in 1927.

Drugstores weren't just places to grab quick convenience items like they are today; they were central gathering spots in the community. At a 1920s-era pharmacy, customers could sit at the counter and enjoy a root beer float or an egg cream.

These pharmacies of a bygone era were much more ornately decorated — with marble countertops and beautiful light fixtures — than the fluorescent lighting-clad drugstores of today.

General stores were the go-to spots for workers, food, and household items.
general store 1920s
A group of people gathered in a small general store, Utica, Mississippi, circa 1920.

General stores became less common after the 1920s, but throughout the decade, they were still popular for various goods for farmers and industrial workers, as well as equipment and food.

Schools for young students around 1920 were typically large classrooms that fit as many pupils as possible.
kids students classroom 1920s
Young students in a classroom, circa 1920.

At the time, classrooms and schoolhouses were designed to hold as many students as possible to maximize space.

But in the 1920s, more educators and administrators started to support "progressive" schools that were built to house programs that were new at the time, allowing more open-air, light, and access to outdoor activities, per a 2012 report from the National Institute of Building Sciences about school design.

In 1925, the Scopes Trial cast a national spotlight on the debate of teaching evolution in schools.
An Anti-Evolution League held a booksale at the opening of the Scopes
An Anti-Evolution League held a booksale at the opening of the Scopes "Monkey" Trial in which biology teacher John T. Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution in his class.

One of the most highly publicized legal cases of the decade was the Scopes Trial, in which a Tennessee high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was prosecuted for teaching evolution. Doing so was considered a violation of the newly passed Butler Act, which prohibited overlooking creationism and teaching evolution in the state's classrooms.

As History.com reported, the trial was heated, with famous orators of the time — defense attorney Clarence Darrow and prosecutor William Jennings Bryan —making lengthy, passionate arguments that represented the clashes between traditional religious teachings and modern scientific thought.

Scopes, who was never clear if he had actually taught evolution, was convicted and fined $100, although his conviction was later overturned on a technicality. Still, the trial served the purpose of forcing the debate into the national spotlight.

The `1920s saw the birth of historic figures, such as Queen Elizabeth II, who was born in 1926.
Queen elizabeth II in 1929
Queen Elizabeth II (then Princess Elizabeth) with her grandmother in 1929.

Here, the Queen — then known as Princess Elizabeth — was pictured in 1929 at a train station, apparently on the way to the family's Sandringham Estate for Christmas.

Prominent civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was also born in the 1920s.
Martin Luther King Jr. delivering a speech at UC Berkeley's Sproul Plaza in 1967.
Martin Luther King Jr. delivering a speech at UC Berkeley's Sproul Plaza in 1967.

He was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta and became one of the most important figures in the Civil Rights Movement during the '50s and '60s.

A hundred years ago, the Charleston was the dance of choice.
charleston dance 1920s man woman
Two people do the Charleston dance, circa 1926.

Here, two people photographed around 1926 do the Charleston dance.

The moves came from a song in the Broadway show "Runnin' Wild."
girls dancing the charleston in harlem 1920
A group of girls dancing in Harlem, New York City, circa 1920.

Per the Charleston County Public Library, it became a mainstream dance after the musical's release in 1923 and defined the rest of the decade.

Jazz music was the most popular genre of the decade.
louis armstrong
American jazz musician Louis Armstrong (1901 - 1971) (center right, in dark suit) smiles as he poses on stage with a band for the WMSB radio station in New Orleans, Louisiana, 1920s.

Jazz music dominated 1920s culture in America thanks to popular musicians like Louis Armstrong.

The genre was a key feature of the Harlem Renaissance, which encompassed music, literature, and art created by Black Americans.
Left to right: Honore Dutrey, Baby Dodds, King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Lil Hardin, Bill Johnson, and Johnny Dodds.
King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band in Chicago circa 1923. The band included Honore Dutrey, Baby Dodds, King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Lil Hardin, Bill Johnson, and Johnny Dodds.

The National Museum of African American History and Culture reported that after the end of the Civil War, the Great Migration brought over 100,000 Black Americans from a wide variety of backgrounds to Harlem, New York City.

Throughout the 1920s and '30s, Black creatives across disciplines shared their art en masse, documenting what it was like to be Black in America during a period known as the Harlem Renaissance.

Iconic works from the likes of Nella Larsen, W.E.B. Du Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, and more were all produced during this era.

However, throughout the 1920s, Black people continued to face barriers like segregation, discrimination, and even violence.
Segregated waiting rooms in Rosslyn, Virginia, circa 1928.
Segregated waiting rooms in Rosslyn, Virginia, circa 1928.

In the photo above, the waiting room on the right was designated for "Colored" individuals while that on the left was for white people.

Segregation was a prominent aspect of life in the US following the Civil War, especially in the South where Jim Crow laws were harshly enforced.

Other minority groups also faced discrimination. Below are Japanese "picture brides" who immigrated to the US in 1920 to marry American men as a result of exclusionary immigration laws.
Japanese picture brides having their passports investigated by members of Congress in 1920.
Japanese picture brides having their passports investigated by members of Congress in 1920.

Immigration from Japan to the US was largely limited during the 1920s as a result of the 1907 Gentlemen's Agreement.

However, it had an exception for Japanese wives of current American residents, which led to the practice of American men choosing Japanese women to be their wives solely based on photos.

Many of the Japanese "picture brides" faced discrimination, spousal abuse, and poor living conditions upon arrival to the US, Women & the American Story reported.

Such marriages were made illegal by the 1924 Immigration Act, which barred any immigrant who wouldn't be eligible for citizenship from coming to the US.

People of Asian descent were denied full US citizenship until the 1950s.

The year 1920 also saw the first Olympic Games since before World War I.
1920 summer olympics antwerp belgium

After the 1916 Olympic Games were canceled due to World War I, the 1920 summer Olympics were set in Antwerp, Belgium, as a way to honor "the suffering that had been inflicted on the Belgian people during the war," the Olympics reported.

It was also the first year the Olympic Rings symbol was publicly displayed.

Back then, sporting equipment like tennis balls, footballs, and other athletic gear was often handmade.
Tennis sports 1920s
Workers carried freshly manufactured tennis balls.

Here, people carry newly manufactured tennis balls.

In the 1920s, athletic wear was very different from the nylon pants we're familiar with now.
sports 1920s
The African American football team at Oliver High School and their coach, E.J. Hooper, lined up for a portrait, Winchester, Kentucky, 1921.

Pictured here, a football team poses in sporting uniforms at Oliver High School in Kentucky in 1921.

Gym class appeared much more elegant in the '20s than it is today.
gym class in 1920s

This looks way more sophisticated than a sweaty game of kickball.

Horse races were a ritzy leisure activity that often involved fabulous outfits and hats.
fashion 1920s
A woman at an Ascot horse race, circa 1920.

Here, people attend a horse race at Ascot Racecourse in Ascot, England, around 1920.

In the 1920s, a trip to the fair became a popular pastime. Fairgoers could go for a spin on the carousel ...
people enjoy a fair ride in 1920
People enjoying a fair attraction, circa 1920.

Carnivals and state and county fairs in the US were popular summertime activities during the early 20th century.

... or make a go-around on bumper cars.
dodgem bumper cars 1920
People ride bumper cars, circa 1925.

USA Today reported that Coney Island's Luna Park is believed to have had one of the first bumper car attractions.

Coney Island in Brooklyn represented a new era of entertainment at the turn of the 20th century in America.
coney island 1920s
Advertisements at Coney Island, circa 1920s.

Coney Island was an iconic part of the early 20th century that transformed how Americans spent their free time.

A photo shows groups of couples competing in a dance contest at the Coney Island boardwalk.
coney island couples dancing
People dancing at the Coney Island boardwalk, circa 1928.

The Brooklyn park gave locals and visitors new ways to stay entertained and spend time with one another in the form of roller coasters and rides, animal exhibits, and a lively boardwalk and beach.

Here, women competed at a patriotic-looking beauty pageant at Coney Island.
miss coney island 1920s
Women at the Miss Coney Island pageant in 1924.

Miss Coney Island 1924 and 1925, respectively, appeared to stand on the Coney Island boardwalk sometime during the mid-1920s.

Long before the days of Instagram, photographers captured the moment at county fairs.
people at a fair photographer 1920
People get their picture taken at a fair, circa 1920.

This snapshot from around 1920 shows fair attendees having their picture taken.

Spending time at the beach in the '20s sometimes meant catching shrimp with huge nets, apparently.
swimming 1920 family
Large family group of men, women and children all holding shrimping nets on sandy beach, Germany circa 1920

Around 1920, a family was photographed at a beach in Germany holding up shrimping nets.

Silent films dominated the movie industry in the 1920s ...
silent film
The filming of a German silent film in the 1920s.

The National Endowment for the Humanities reported that the silent film era began in 1894 and continued through the 1920s. Before there were "talkies," audiences were dazzled by films starring actors like Charlie Chaplin and Clara Bow.

... but the decade also saw the transition to the "talkies," or movies with spoken dialogue.
the jazz singer scene 1927

In 1927, "The Jazz Singer" became the first feature-length movie to feature dialogue scenes, marking a transition from the silent film era, per the Museum of Modern Art.

The World reported that the first film (that wasn't a feature-length movie) with talking scenes was actually created in 1898 by Alice Guy-Blaché.

As film began to include sound, musical movies captured the hearts of audiences.
movie filming 1920
A shot from the filming of a movie with dancers, circa 1920.

Musical movies produced in the late 1920s, like "Broadway Melody," continued to push "talkies" into the mainstream.

Vaudeville, which consisted of short acts of dancers, musicians, magicians, and comedians, was also a popular form of entertainment.
The Dolly Sisters Vaudeville performance entertainment in 1920s
The Dolly Sisters were German Vaudeville performers.

The Dolly Sisters, pictured here, were famous vaudeville performers in the early 20th century.

Another iconic vaudeville production during the 1920s was the Ziegfeld Follies, PBS reported, which preceded the modern Broadway musical and helped launch the career of many theatrical stars of the time.

Leo, the lion that became a symbol of MGM Studios, made his debut in 1927.
leo lion mgm filming 1920

MGM's first lion named Leo was shown on screen in 1927, per The Hollywood Reporter.

Circus shows also featured animals 100 years ago.
1920s circus elephant
A woman is held up by elephants at a circus in 1926.

In the almost 100 years since this photo was taken, some states in the US have banned the use of animals in circuses, while others have enacted partial bans.

The famous Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey circus show, "The Greatest Show on Earth," shut down in May 2017 after 146 years of shocking the nation with its acrobatic and animal performances. It reopened five years later, but without animals.

In recent years, changing attitudes toward animal rights, as well as high operating costs of shows, and declining attendance rates, have led to the demise of the circus.
coney island women with pigs

Here, women are photographed holding pigs outside of a circus in New York around 1920. 

Before central air conditioning, people found creative ways to stay cool in the summer.
women cool off on ice 1920s
A group of women on a golf course, circa 1920.

Willis Carrier invented the first air conditioner in 1902, but it wasn't until 1929 that Frigidaire introduced a unit that was suitable for use in homes, the US Department of Energy reported.

Any curiosity about what was going on in the world required a look at the daily newspaper.
newspaper
Josephine Baker reading a newspaper in 1928.

People relied on newspapers for local, national, and global updates, as well as advice columns, entertainment, and other stories.

The world's first commercial radio broadcast was made in 1920.
frank conrad radio braodcast kdka

The Pennsylvania Center for the Book reported that Pittsburgh radio station KDKA produced the world's first radio broadcast on November 2, 1920.

Frank Conrad is known as the "father of radio broadcasting" for inventing the first station, which was located in his garage.

Throughout the '20s, radio continued to expand, changing the way people received the news, communicated, and connected with pop culture.
First Black Radio Station Operator
Rufus P. Turner was a student at the Armstrong Technical High School.

Per MIT Black History, Rufus P. Turner was the first Black radio station operator. He began operating his station, W3LF, in Washington, DC, in 1928.

Telephones looked just a little different from the smartphones we know today.
woman using telephone 1920s
A woman uses a mobile-type telephone in London, circa 1920.

Phones of the 1920s and '30s were characterized by their rotary dials and "spit cup" receivers.

Being a switchboard operator was a common job for many women in the early 1920s.
1920s telephone switchboard operators
Telephone switchboard operators, circa 1920.

Being a switchboard operator often required saying the phrase "number please" hundreds of times per hour for eight hours a day, according to a 1922 op-ed in The New York Times, as cited by Time.

It was a time of significant changes in the workplace — World War I had seen the first time that factory jobs, previously viewed as male positions, were taken over by women in the US. Following the war, more women were in the workplace than ever before.

Kitchen appliances were much different than they are now.
cooking school 1920s kitchen
Women at the Soho School of Cookery in London in the 1920s.

The beginning of the 20th century brought many advancements to the home — from gas ranges to the advent of refrigerators, which became commonplace in homes by the 1920s — but kitchens certainly didn't have the multi-functional, high-tech gadgets many homes are equipped with today.

While much has changed in the past century, from cars and technology to pastimes, many of the simple pleasures of life have remained constant, like getting ice cream from a snack stand ...
kids ice cream soda stand paris 1920
Kids gather at a soda stand on a street in Paris, circa 1920.

Here, kids were photographed at a soda stand on a street in Paris around 1920.

The only thing that would make this sweeter would be if Coca-Cola still cost a nickel.

... and catching up with good company at a café.
cafe paris circa 1920
Women at a café in Paris, circa 1920.

Here's to all the changes and all the lasting pleasures of the next 100 years.

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