Aviation safety is built on the 'Swiss cheese' model – but the Japan Airlines crash shows the holes sometimes line up

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JAL
It's usually a combination of several simultaneous issues that results in an air disaster.

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The captain of a plane that collided with a Japan Airlines jet said he was cleared for takeoff, but air-traffic-control transcripts tell a different story

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An aerial view shows burnt Japan Airlines' (JAL) Airbus A350 plane after a collision with a Japan Coast Guard aircraft at Haneda International Airport in Tokyo, Japan January 3, 2024
The wreckage of the Japan Airlines A350.

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These are the safest airlines in the world, according to one ranking

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Air New Zealand was named the world's safest airline by AirlineRatings.com.

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A passenger said the Japan Airlines evacuation was remarkably calm and people crawled like they were supposed to

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A Japan Airlines crash collided with another plane while landing, bursting into flames on the runway.
A Japan Airlines crash collided with another plane while landing on Tuesday.

Richard A. Brooks/Getty Images

The pilot of the Japan Airlines plane didn't know it was on fire until alerted by cabin crew: report

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A Japan Airlines plane on fire on a runway of Tokyo's Haneda Airport on January 2, 2024
A Japan Airlines plane on fire on a runway of Tokyo's Haneda Airport on January 2, 2024.

STR/JIJI PRESS/AFP via Getty Images

While all the people on board survived, 2 passengers' pets were killed in the devastating Japan Airlines fire

Tech Insider : Travel
Firefighters work at Haneda International Airport after Japan Airlines' A350 airplane caught on fire, in Tokyo, Japan January 2, 2024
Firefighters attended the burning A350.

REUTERS/Issei Kato

Runway warning lights at Tokyo Haneda airport were reportedly broken when the Japan Airlines collision happened

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Haneda
The burnt wreckage of a Japan Airlines plane at Tokyo Haneda airport.

Richard A. Brooks/AFP/Getty Images

What we know about the Japan Airlines plane crash

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This photo provided by Jiji Press shows a Japan Airlines plane on fire on a runway of Tokyo's Haneda Airport on January 2, 2024.
This photo provided by Jiji Press shows a Japan Airlines plane on fire on a runway of Tokyo's Haneda Airport on January 2, 2024.

STR/JIJI PRESS/AFP via Getty Images

The Japan Airlines plane that caught fire used carbon-fiber composite materials that are less heat-resistant

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Firefighters work at Haneda International Airport after Japan Airlines' A350 airplane caught on fire, in Tokyo, Japan January 2, 2024.
Firefighters work at Haneda International Airport after Japan Airlines' A350 airplane caught on fire, in Tokyo, Japan January 2, 2024.

Issei Kato/Reuters

Japan Airlines passengers survived partly because they actually listened to the instruction to leave their baggage behind, experts say

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JAL fire
This photo provided by Jiji Press shows people on an observation deck looking at a Japan Airlines plane on fire on a runway of Tokyo's Haneda Airport on January 2, 2024.

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